Centre for Health Psychology

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Browsing Centre for Health Psychology by Supervisor "Meera Padhy"
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    Adherence and quality of life of patients II Diabets : Role of psychosocial Factors
    (University of Hyderabad, 2016-06-01) Angiel, Padiri Ruth ; Meera Padhy
    Diabetes is a daily personal challenge for those suffering from the condition, along with being a major public health burden for India. Treatment and management for diabetes is complex, demanding, and a lifelong continuous process which can be overwhelming for the patients and strains their quality of life. Adherence is a major factor in managing diabetes to achieve optimal glycemic control and delay or reduce the risk of any diabetes- related complications. The present study aimed to assess the difference in the level of social support, knowledge, self-efficacy, adherence, and quality of life among three groups of Type II diabetes patients categorized on the basis of duration of illness. It was also aimed to understand the role of social support, knowledge, and self-efficacy in adherence and quality of life of Type II diabetes patients. In phase I of the study, the pilot study was conducted to develop two new psychological instruments such as Diabetes Symptoms Checklist and Diabetes Knowledge Test for Indian Population and also to check the feasibility of the study. In phase II, the main study was conducted. In the main study, a correlational design was used to understand the relationship among the variables and the role of predictor variables on the criterion. Using purposive sampling method, 235 Type II diabetes patients both men and women, whose age range was from 25-75 years were included in this study. To assess the difference in the level of the variables under study, the sample was categorized into three groups based on the duration of illness, such as group I (one month to one year), group II (above one year to five years), and group III (above five years to 20 years). The instruments used to measure the variables under study were Clinical History Proforma, Diabetes Symptoms Checklist, The Diabetes Knowledge Test for Indian Population (DKT-I), Interpersonal SupportEvaluation List (ISEL), Stanford Self-efficacy Scale for Diabetes, Diabetes Adherence Scale (DAS), and Diabetes-39 Quality of Life Questionnaire. These instruments were administered in two sessions to the patients. Results showed that the three groups differed significantly, on few of the variables namely knowledge of diabetes, self-efficacy, adherence and quality of life. After ascertaining that there exists a relationship between the variables, subsequent analyses were conducted to assess the role of the predictor variables in the criterion variables. It was found that the only significant positive and independent predictor contributing to overall adherence was self-efficacy. And the significant independent predictors contributing to overall quality of life were overall diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy and adherence. A pathway was depicted to illustrate the influence of the identified predictor variables on the criterion variables, and it was noticed that self-efficacy played a major role in both adherence and quality of life of Type II diabetes patients. The implications, strengths and limitations of the study are also discussed.
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    Role of self-efficacy outcome expectancy perceived health competence in coping and self-management of diabetes patients
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-04-01) Lalnuntluangi, R ; Meera Padhy
    Diabetes is a chronic disease associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, as well as increased health care costs that require multitude of daily self-management decisions and self-care activities. Management of diabetes encompasses maintaining normal blood glucose level and thus prevent the likelihood of long term complications. This includes self management activities like oral medications, insulin injections, blood glucose monitoring, following prescribed diet and exercise regime. Patients understand that these self-management activities are essential elements for improvement of their health status as a result of which they use different coping strategies to deal with these activities. In addition to coping, different psychological factors such as self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and perceived health competence also have significant influence on self-management of illness. Taking all the above factors into consideration the study used a mixed methods sequential explanatory design to assess the following objectives: (i) to examine the difference in the level of self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, perceived health competence among three groups of Type II diabetes patients categorized on the basis of duration of disease (ii) to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, perceived health competence, coping and self-management of illness of type 2 diabetes patients (iii) to understand the role of self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, perceived health competence in coping of illness of Type 2 diabetes patients (iv) to understand the role of self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, perceived health competence and coping in self-management of illness of Type 2 diabetes patients (v) to explore the lived experiences of Type 2 diabetes patients regarding their coping strategies to diabetes. The study included two phases: in phase I, a total of 295 (147 men and 148 women) patients age range from 30-73 years from the state of Mizoram participated and completed the measures namely, Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire, Perceived Health Competence, Diabetes Coping Measure and Diabetes Self-management Questionnaire. Inphase II, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was employed to explore the coping strategies of 11 patients with type 2 diabetes (34-67 years) who were randomly selected from phase I. The data collected in phase 1 were analyzed using descriptive (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression). The results of the study showed that the three groups categorized on the basis of duration of disease differed in the level of self-efficacy, coping and self-management. After ascertaining that the significant relationships between the variables under study, subsequent analyses were conducted to assess the role of predictor variables on criterion variables. Self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, perceived health competence and demographic variables explained significant proportion of variance in overall diabetes coping. In addition to the above predictors, coping was added, which explained significant proportion of variance in overall diabetes self-management. Using thematic analysis, results of phase 2 identified five (5) coping strategies along with eight (8) themes and sixteen (16) sub-themes. The identified coping strategies were - planful problem solving, seeking social support, shifting burden to supernatural power, distancing and escape -avoidance. The limitations and implications of the study are also discussed.