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Browsing School of Economics by Author "Ansari, Mohd Arshad"
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ItemDecomposing the trade-environment nexus for high income, upper and lower middle income countries: What do the composition, scale, and technique effect indicate?( 2021-02-01) Ansari, Mohd Arshad ; Khan, N. A.This study empirically examines the impact of trade openness on ecological footprint (F) employing panel data time series covering the period 1991–2016 for the sample of thirty five Asian countries. To analyze the consequence of trade at three distinct transition points, we decompose the trade effect into scale, composition, and technique effects. Using second generation econometric approaches that considers the issue of cross sectional dependence, the result show positive (negative) effect of scale (technique) on ecological footprint which validates the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for high income, upper middle and lower middle income countries. Further, energy consumption contribute to ecological footprint whereas, composition effect and trade openness mitigates environmental degradation. However, the results vary across different sub-panels. The findings impart innovative approach to detect the influence of trade openness in three sub dimensions of trade liberalization. Hence, for trade policy makers and economists, this article assigns more comprehensive policy implications and suggest sustainable trade agreements among the region.
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ItemDoes trade openness affects global carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from the top CO < inf > 2 < /inf > emitters( 2020-01-09) Ansari, Mohd Arshad ; Haider, Salman ; Khan, N. A.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of economic growth, international trade and energy consumption on the global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, in the case of top CO2 emitters, namely, USA, Japan, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UK, Australia, Italy, France and Spain using the annual data from 1971 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach: For this purpose, the time series, data technique is applied. Unit root test with structural break and the bounds testing approach for cointegration in the presence of structural break is tested. Finally, a vector error correction model for the Granger causality test is applied to detect the direction of causality. The authors have used the techniques that will help in examining the structural break in the time series data. Findings: The results reveal that their exists a long-run relationship between CO2 emissions and its determinants in the USA, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the UK, Australia, Italy, France and Spain, energy consumption is the main determinant of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the long run and for direction of causality, the authors found bidirectional causality in the long run between energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the USA, Canada, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the UK, and Granger causality running in opposite direction in the case of Australia from CO2 emissions to energy consumption was analyzed. In terms of growth-trade-pollution nexus (USA, Canada, Iran and France) hold one-way causality running from economic growth and trade openness to CO2 emissions (IV) the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is validated only for the USA. Robust policy implications can be derived from this study. First, without harming the economy, these countries can reduce the use of energy consumption for lower pollution. Second, the amount of trade should be decreased to lower the emissions because the authors find that an increase in trade does Granger cause to CO2 emissions in the long run. Originality/value: There has been no study that investigated the relationship between CO2 emissions, real income, consumption of energy and international trade in the environmental Kuznets relation for the top CO2 emitter’s countries over the period of 1971–2013. The authors did a comparative study of the empirical finding among these nations.