A Sensor Deployment Scheme for Fault-Tolerant Connected Probabilistic Target Coverage: A Trade-Off Among Coverage, Connectivity, and Fault Tolerance

Abstract

The objective of terrestrial sensor nodes deployment in wireless sensor network (WSN) is to choose a minimum number of sensor nodes intelligently placed in terrain to monitor a set of targets. The optimal senor deployment positions of the sensors determine the network performances such as the degree of coverage, connectivity, fault-tolerant against coverage, and connectivity. These network performances highly influence the network quality of service (QoS). Here, we proposed a method that can analyze the trade-off among the conflicting deployment objectives—coverage, connectivity, and fault-tolerant of the network against choosing numbers of sensors deployed with defined sensing and communication range. We have considered ε-coverage, m-connectivity, k-coverage for deployment objectives, quality of coverage, m-way end-to-end connectivity, and coverage fault-tolerant, respectively, for the experiment. The optimization problem for deployment is classified as an NP-hard computing problem in the literature. We have used an efficient meta-heuristic multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-II for the simulation.