Process Optimization for Pulse Reverse Electrodeposition of Graphene-Reinforced Copper Nanocomposites

Abstract

In the present study, processing of graphene-reinforced copper nanocomposite foils with homogenous dispersion of graphene throughout the matrix, exhibiting good mechanical properties by a simple, cost-effective, and scalable pulse reverse electrodeposition technique (PRED) with special focus on the influence of graphene content in the electrolyte to tailor the properties. A systematic approach has been adopted for enhancing the properties. Distribution of graphene nanosheets in the copper metal matrix and the microstructural properties have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Interesting observations have been made from nanoindentation studies, where hardness (∼2.7 GPa) enhanced mainly with increase in graphene content (0–0.75 g/L), while maximum elastic modulus (∼139 GPa) is achieved for a graphene content of 0.5 g/L in the electrolyte. Four-point probe testing has been adopted to evaluate the electrical features. The major contribution in enhancement of properties is found to be the presence of graphene and its uniform individual dispersion and distribution as nanosheets in the copper matrix.