Enantioselective synthesis of both enantiomers of chiral allenes using chiral N-methylcamphanyl piperazine templates

Abstract

The reaction of unsubstitued camphanyl-piperazine 4 with ZnCl2, phenylacetylene, and benzaldehyde in toluene gave the corresponding dipropargylamine (i.e., 15) with opposite configurations at the newly formed stereogenic centres, which, upon reaction with ZnI2 resulted in the formation of a racemic mixture of 1,3-diphenyl allene in 45 % yield. N-Methylcamphanyl-piperazine regioisomer 5, prepared by selective N-methylation of the NH moiety attached to the stereogenic centre with (S)-configuration, upon reaction with ZnCl2, phenylacetylene, and benzaldehyde in toluene, gave the corresponding propargylamine in 90 % yield, with an (S)-configuration at the newly formed stereogenic centre, and upon subsequent reaction with ZnI2, this intermediate gave (R)-1,3-diphenyl allene in 52 % yield and with 96 % ee. Reaction of N-methylcamphanyl-piperazine isomer 5 with several 1-alkynes and aldehydes in the presence of ZnBr2 gave the corresponding (R)-allenes in 40-75 % yield and 79-99 % ee. In contrast, regioisomeric N-methylcamphanyl-piperazine 6 reacted with ZnBr2 to give the corresponding (S)-allenes in 38-71 % yield and with 79-99 % ee. The opposite chiral discriminating abilities of the two NH moieties in camphanyl-piperazines was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis of the propargylamines formed. The results are discussed considering mechanisms involving the in situ formation of alkynylzinc halides, followed by diastereoselective addition to chiral iminium ion derivatives to give the corresponding propargylamines, and subsequent conversion to chiral allenes by an intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen shift. A new method for the synthesis of both isomers of chiral 1,3-disubstituted allenes with enantiomeric purity up to 99 % ee, using selectively alkylated chiral camphanyl-piperazines, aldehydes, terminal alkynes, and ZnBr2 has been developed. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.