Common sense, habitus, and social imaginary: Case studies from India

Abstract

A comparative perspective of pre-theoretical consciousness is presented here. By comparing Gramsci's common sense (from the interwar period; 1999) with Bourdieu's habitus (1977) and Taylor's social imaginary (2004)-the two most influential post-war conceptualisations-the paper argues that the latter two conceptually enrich Gramsci's common sense. However, both say that a theoretical system penetrates the non-intellectual (pre-theoretical) world from the outside and transforms it. In contrast, Gramsci claims that a theory constantly evolves in dialogue with the cognitive activities of the ordinary. The non-intellectual is a teacher, not simply a pupil waiting for transmission of philosophy from the above.