Anthropology - Publications

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Browsing Anthropology - Publications by Author "Thamminaina, Apparao"
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    Barriers, opportunities, and enablers to educate girls from Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs): A systematic review of literature
    ( 2020-11-01) Thamminaina, Apparao ; Kanungo, Pallavi ; Mohanty, Seemita
    This study aims to provide insight into educating girls from Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India. It synthesizes themes to understand the barriers, opportunities, and the enablers that ensue alongside their educational journey. The paper employs the SPIDER tool for systematic review, JabRef, to remove duplicate articles, and Rayyan QCRI to present the selected articles as results. Finally, the elements from the SQUIRE 2.0 was applied for evaluating the quality of results. Only 45 articles from those published from 2011 to 2019 were found suitable. Findings highlight the lack of educational advancement among the PVTG girls even though SDG-4 ensures quality education to all. In summary, most researchers have emphasised on overall tribal education, while very few have focused on either tribal or PVTG girls’ education. Similarly, readers from various corners of the world have exposure to articles that are either based on health or ethno-medicinal practices of the PVTGs. This study would be useful both for academic research and policy framework as the study synthesizes a broad range of published research. The study fills the gap by assembling evidence from literature and integrates the findings for a clear understanding of the significance of education for PVTG girls.
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    Catalysts but Not Magicians: Role of NGOs in the Tribal Development
    ( 2018-04-01) Thamminaina, Apparao
    The territories inhabited by the tribal communities of India often attract a wide variety of external agents and agencies for variety of reasons. One very important segment of such agencies often cites development and transformation of tribal communities as the prime objective. The “official” category is the agency of planned change, and its responsibility is to work in accordance with the profile of the job or institution. Besides this, there is another important category, “social worker,” whose presence is voluntary, at least in theory. The dominant section of the later is popular as nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). In recent years, efforts are made to bring together the activities of government and NGOs to maximize the benefit to tribal communities and to speed up the process of social and economic transformation. The idea of government organization and nongovernmental organization (GO-NGO) partnership gained momentum. The results of these partnerships proved positive when compared with the programs implemented by the government organization alone. Several NGOs are successful because they train local youth as resource persons according to the needs of development initiatives. However, it is not necessary that every development activity implemented by them would be successful. In this context, the article examines the role of NGOs in the process of tribal development by analyzing their activities and the results.
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    Delivering quality education to girls from particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGS) in India
    ( 2019-01-01) Mohanty, Seemita ; Thamminaina, Apparao ; Kanungo, Pallavi
    Purpose of the study: The Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are the least developed among all the communities in India. In spite of multiple state-supported schemes to bring about positive changes in their lives, the results have been abysmally poor. This study aims at identifying the social and cultural barriers that have prevented school-going PVTG girls to participate in education and to suggest the enablers that would facilitate their level of participation in education. Methodology: The study was conducted in Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj districts of Odisha (India) comprising four PVTGs, namely, Paudi Bhuiyan, Lodha, Hill Kharia, and Mankidia. For the selection of villages in the districts, a list of villages inhabited by these four tribes was prepared. After filtering out the populated villages, a random selection of four villages was made for each selected tribe. The study included PVTG girls in the age group of 6-14 years, and 80 girls, including both school-going students, and out-of-school girls were randomly accessed to meet the objectives of the study. A mixed-method approach was adopted to identify the barriers to participation in education. Firstly, the primary responses were collected during a five-month period from Aug-Dec, 2018 by using three separate interview schedules for the girls, their parents, and the school teachers. Data triangulation was further done through four focused group discussions (FGD) in the selected villages. The feedbacks thus received were used to prepare the proposed educational structure for the PVTG girls. Additionally, content analysis of all the audio-visual recordings collected during the fieldwork was done to enumerate the case-studies pertaining to each district. Main Findings: The results indicate that the dropout percentage is more among students in classes VI-VII as compared to lower classes. Assisting in household work and in agricultural lands during harvest season, single-teacher schools, which are a reality in many remote schools of the districts, and predominantly male teachers in day-schools, are other hindering factors. Applications of this study: The study holds implications for researchers and scholars working in the fields of tribal studies and education and other allied areas. It can assist the policymakers in taking corrective measures to address some of the persistent issues relating to tribal girl-child education. Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the paper lies in the proposed methodical model that takes into account the ground-level realities, which need to be addressed to enhance the tribal girls ’ participation in quality education. Negative and positive influences of siblings staying and studying in the same residential schools have been identified in this study which could be taken up for further research.
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    Single Mothers: Strategies of Family Management and Support Systems in Relation to Health
    ( 2021-01-01) Mishra, Pooja Shree ; Thamminaina, Apparao ; Mishra, Niharranjan
    The status of women in contemporary society is a vital aspect of debates concerning gender inequality, women’s subordination, violence against women, and women’s empowerment. The responses of women to these problems vary across different social and spatial categories. One of the significant responses is the change in the family structure that leads to the emergence of single-parent families, particularly single-mother families. Few studies in the Indian context deal with the causes of rising numbers of single-mother families. Furthermore, there are no significant studies concerning the issues single mothers face. Being single and a mother is a significant challenge for a woman in Indian society. A divorced single mother faces various constraints and challenges while leading a household after the marital disruption. Single mothers face many physical and psychological problems, including taking care of herself and children in matters of health and well-being. The present study investigates the constraints of divorced single mothers concerning their social support systems and family management strategies as they influence mental and physical health. The study is an outcome of twenty-five case studies of divorced single mothers residing in Hyderabad, India. The results are drawn using interpretive phenomenological analysis.