Biotechnology and Bioinformatics - Theses

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    Studies on development of differential evolution based spectrum allocation algorithms and field programmable gate array omplementation for cognitive radio networks
    (University of Hyderabad, 2015) Kiran Kumar, A. ; Samrat L. Sabat
    Recent trends in wireless communication technologies claim a rapid increase in demand of radio spectrum. In the current spectrum allocation scheme, it is di cult to accommodate the demand of radio spectrum. Moreover the designated spectrum are not e ciently exploited, resulting its poor utilization. Studies have demonstrated that reuse of the un-utilized spectrum provides a signi - cant improvement in network capacity. Recently, a new dynamic spectrum access paradigm called Cognitive Radio (CR) has gained popularity to solve the shortcomings of spectrum under-utilization and spectrum scarcity. In CR technology, unlicensed users (secondary users) make use of the unused spectrum of licensed users (primary users), thereby discovering a new capacity and commercial value from the existing unused spectrum. The main functions of the CR are spectrum sensing, spectrum management, spectrum mobility and spectrum sharing. Spectrum sensing deals with the detection of vacant spectrum bands known as spectrum holes and these detected holes are assigned to the secondary users (SUs) during spectrum management phase. It uses di erent spectrum allocation (SA) algorithms for allocating spectrum to SUs. The present thesis mainly concentrates on spectrum allocation phase. The objectives of SA phase are a) maximize the spectrum utilization, b) minimize interference to primary users (PUs) and neighbor secondary users and c) maintain fairness across the users. To achieve these goals, an e cient SA technique is required for making decisions within a stipulated time. For this purpose, various techniques like graph coloring, game theory, evolutionary algorithms, local bargaining, auction and pricing mechanisms and stochastic search methods have been reported in the literature. The problem of allocating channels amongst the secondary users in the network is considered as a NP-hard problem. In this work, evolutionary algorithms, namely Di erential Evolution (DE), re y and particle swarm intelligence are applied to nd an e cient channel assignment solution. Further, the performance of three algorithms in terms of quality of solution and time complexity are compared to nd the best solution.
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    Cognitive dyfunction in experimental cerehral Malaria : possible role of neurodegeneration and morphological alterations
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-05-31) Praveen Kumar, Simhadri ; Prakash Babu, P
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    Analysis of neuronal survival in the presence of various stress conditions and targeted delivery
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-06-01) Hari Kiran, Athmakur ; Anand K. Kondapi
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    Investigation of protein interaction networks in mycobacterium tuberculosis using computational approaches
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-01-01) Dharmapal Burne ; Vaibhav Vindal
    Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the prevalent infectious diseases caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is one of the airborne diseases which spread from person to person through the air. TB is of two types, latent and active TB. In case of the latent TB, the pathogen infects human macrophage cells and remains in an inactive state. It is a non-contagious with no symptoms. Sometimes, it may get converted to the active TB. In case of the active TB, the pathogen multiples in the macrophage cells causing disease. It is contagious to other persons. Symptoms of the active TB include cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss, etc. TB is generally diagnosed through tuberculin skin test where tuberculin, a purified protein derivative of the pathogen, is injected in the patient just below the inside forearm. The injected site is checked after 2 to 3 days for red hard bump. If the bump swells up to specific size, the patient is diagnosed to have TB disease. In order to confirm the disease, other tests such as blood tests, chest X-rays and sputum tests are performed alongside the skin test. All the patients detected with either active or inactive TB are prescribed with medications depending upon the age, overall health and resistance to drugs. The patients detected with inactive TB may require only one kind of antibiotic while the patients with active TB may require multiple drugs. Period of treatment of the patients with drugs vary from 6 months to few years. If the patients do not take the entire TB treatment course, the pathogen may get resistance to drugs causing multi-drug resistance (MDR) TB which is difficult to be treated. Therefore patients detected with TB are provided with proper medication and correct administration. In certain cases, the patients are recommended for Directly Observation Therapy (DOT) where a healthcare worker administers the TB medication to the patients in order to ensure the full course of treatment. In the patients diagnosed with HIV, diabetes or cancer, the treatment of TB becomes harder. If the TB is left untreated, it becomes fatal affecting kidneys, brain and heart. The vast majority of the TB cases are curable with proper medications and treatments elsewise two-third of the world‘s population would die due to TB.
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    Mechanistic insights of dengue virus proteases [NS2B3 & NS] in host mitochondrial dynamics and evaluation of their potential as diagnostic and drug targets
    (University of Hyderabad, 2019-05-01) Chaitanya Gandikota ; Musturi Venkataramana
    Research is the best hope for preventing and treating the diseases. Indeed, many advances have been made in virus research through which we have acquired important fundamental insights into virus biology. Despite these, much remains to be done, not only to prevent and cure the existing diseases, but also to fight against the newly emerging viruses. Though host develops immune defenses to restrict the pathogens, pathogens have acquired the ability to overcome these countermeasures. Hence, understanding these host-virus mechanisms is necessary to develop antiviral therapies and prevention strategies. The main motives of virus research are always to understand the biology of viruses and their hosts, and to discover novel antivirals and diagnostics for the improvement of public health. In the present study, we tried to enhance our understanding towards the role of dengue virus encoded protease in virus biology and its use in developing diagnostic assays and novel antivirals