Effect of lanthanum substitution on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of mechanically activated PZT electroceramics

Abstract

Different compositions of (Pb1-xLax) (Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3 (abbreviated as PLZT x/60/40; x=0, 0.07, 0.08 and 0.10) ceramics were prepared by a combinatorial approach of high energy mechano-chemical ball milling and cold isostatic pressing (CIP). X-ray diffraction patterns and transmission as well as scanning electron microscopy images were used for the micro-structural and morphological studies. The average particle size of PLZT milled powders was measured from the TEM images and was found to be in the nm range. XRD patterns of the sintered PLZT x/60/40 ceramics confirm the perovskite phase formation after heat treatment. SEM images of sintered PLZT x/60/40 ceramics show a close packed dense structure. PLZT 8/60/40 ceramics show the fine grains (∼1.3 μm) with density ∼97 per cent. Dielectric constant and loss were measured as a function of temperature. PLZT 8/60/40 ceramics shows the highest of room temperature dielectric constant ∼2480 measured at 1 kHz. Ferroelectric studies were done with the help of polarisation (P-E) and strain (S-E) vs. electric field measurements. PLZT 8/60/40 ceramics shows the maximum value of remnant polarisation (∼35.5 μC/cm2) and strain (∼0.25 per cent), respectively. PLZT x/60/40 ceramic samples were poled at optimised poling conditions. The measured values of piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) and electromechanical coupling factor (kp) of PLZT 8/60/40 ceramics were found to be, ∼690 pC/N and ∼71 per cent, respectively.